Neocortical maturation is a dynamic process that proceeds in a hierarchical manner; however, the spatiotemporal organization of cortical microstructure with diffusion MRI has yet to be fully defined. This study characterized cortical microstructural maturation using fwe-DTI and NODDI in a cohort of 637 children and adolescents between 8 and 21 years of age. We found heterogeneous developmental patterns broadly demarcated into frontal, temporal and occipitoparietal domains where NODDI metrics increased and fwe-DTI metrics decreased with age. Our findings corroborate previous histological and neuroimaging studies that show spatially-varying patterns of cortical maturation that may reflect unique developmental processes of cytoarchitectonically-determined regions.
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