To investigate the influence of exchange on microscopic anisotropy estimates derived from kurtosis differences between linear-tensor-encoding (LTE) and spherical-tensor-encoding (STE) diffusion weighting waveforms, random walk simulations were performed in a substrate of packed spheres of varying permeability. A pronounced μFA bias was observed with spectrally detuned LTE due to restricted diffusion and kurtosis time dependence, decreasing with rate of exchange, but also with tuned LTE due to inherent differences in exchange sensitivity, increasing with exchange. Our results suggest a need for caution in interpreting MDE-derived microscopic anisotropy estimates in the presence of exchange.
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