Regenerative medicine is increasingly investigating how an initial pro-inflammatory response convert to a pro-repair response. Implantation of bioscaffolds exploits this mechanism and allows tissue to regrow in large defects. Even the brain, which is known to not regrow tissue spontaneously, can regenerate lost tissue after implantation of a inductive bioscaffold. Little is known about how immune cells respond to the implantation of a bioscaffold. We here characterized the acute spatiotemporal dynamics of immune cell infiltration into the brain and a bioscaffold by tagging immune cells with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for detection by 19F MRI and anatomical context using 1H MRI.
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