Intravenous 19F tracer application for in vivo labelling of neutrophils prior to injury allowed the non-invasive 3D visualization of neutrophils within their different hematopoietic niches over the entire body and the subsequent monitoring of their egress into affected tissues. Stimulated murine/human neutrophils exhibited enhanced labelling which could be exploited as an in vivo readout for their activation state in both sterile and nonsterile cardiovascular inflammation. In summary, the present study demonstrates that both human and murine neutrophils can be specifically targeted to track their dynamic trafficking by non-invasive 1H/19F MRI in vivo.
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