Direct visualization of anisotropic structures in the brainstem, basal ganglia and thalamus could improve functional neurosurgery planning and characterize changes associated with pathology, treatment response or side effects. Postmortem MRI microscopy demonstrates the potential for high resolution diffusion MRI to detect such functional organization. However, in vivo signal-to-noise limitations have precluded accurate quantitative diffusion measurements at sufficient spatial resolution for these structures. We demonstrate that MP-PCA denoising of complex dMRI at 1-mm isotropic resolution and b-values up to 2000 s/mm2 enables direct visualization of the dentatorubrothalamic tract, the key white matter pathway for functional neurosurgical treatment of tremor.
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