Conventional k-space analysis of excitation based on Fourier relationship between excitation profile and RF deposit in k-space is extremely useful for pulse sequence design but is strictly limited to the small-tip-angle regime. We propose a new theoretical viewpoint for including refocusing pulses in the k-space formalism and demonstrate that the effect of refocusing pulse can be viewed as origin symmetric rotation of RF deposit in k-space. This new viewpoint may enable analytic approaches to designing RF pulses with multiple refocusing pulses and offer new opportunities to develop complex RF pulses that require insensitivity to off-resonance.
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