In this study, we imaged the effect of repeated amphetamine injections over >24h using simultaneous PET/fMRI in non-human primates and demonstrate that both internalization and recycling of receptors take place during this timeframe. We provide novel insight into D1 vs. D2 receptor contributions by using a D1 blocking agent in combination with amphetamine injections. These results shed a new light into the timelines of dopamine receptor subtype adaptations and not only provide a link to existing in vitro results but also a foundation for linking receptor-specific mechanisms to initial stages of psychostimulant drug use and abuse.
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