There is an unmet need to develop a non-invasive and reliable method for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at early stages in high-risk patients (e.g., patients with cirrhosis). We hypothesized that temporal diffusion spectroscopy (TDS), which reports histopathological information such as mean cell size in vivo, can improve current Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) criteria for assessment of HCC and reduce the need for biopsies. To test this hypothesis, we applied TDS to distinguish cell sizes and densities in HCC and other liver conditions, such as benign/dysplastic nodules, fibrosis, and cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), in ex vivo studies.
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