We propose a flexible application-specific harmonization framework utilizing downstream application performance to regularize the harmonization procedure. Our approach can be integrated with various deep learning models. Here, we apply our approach to the recently proposed conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE) harmonization model. Three datasets (ADNI, N=1735; AIBL, N=495; MACC, N=557) collected from three different continents were used for evaluation. Our results suggest our approach (AppcVAE) compares favorably with ComBat (named for “combating batch effects when combining batches”) and cVAE for improving downstream application performance.
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