Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a molecular imaging technique for specific exchange of hydroxy (-OH, ~1.0 ppm), amine (-NH2, ~2 ppm), and amide (-NH, ~3.5 ppm), whereas ZAP is overall exchange protons of relatively free exchange protons (T2,f) and restricted protons (T2,r) from a wide frequency range of +/– 100 kHz. Combining CEST and ZAP to measure qualitative values of abdominal organ is aiming to be established.
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