Respiratory motion of the heart is a fundamental challenge to cardiac MR imaging (CMR), frequently compensated for with breath-holding and acceptance-window methods. These methods are not always viable and result in inefficient acquisitions, creating longer scan times1. Here, an adaptive Kalman-filter with a control system was implemented in a FLASH sequence to update the position of the slice during the imaging segment based on repeated navigator measurements acquired during the non-imaging segment. This predictive tracking results in a free-breathing sequence which is less strenuous for subjects, more efficient and reduces scan times.
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