Keywords: Traumatic brain injury, Quantitative Susceptibility mappingHead impacts in sports may cause long-term brain changes. Here, we assessed quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) changes over multiple seasons in high-contact American football vs low-contact volleyball college athletes using the multi-echo complex total field inversion (mcTFI) method. We found widespread changes over time (likely developmental) in all athletes, while time-independent sports differences were detected by R2*. mcTFI revealed an altered QSM trajectory in the white matter (total and subcortical) between sports: QSM increased in volleyball athletes but changed minimally in football, likely indicating disrupted subcortical white matter maturation in football. QSM can sensitively detect longitudinal changes in contact sports.
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