Keywords: Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniques, Neuroscience, MicrostructureDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intrinsic optical signal (IOS) are both used to measure neural tissue structure and function. Here we demonstrate with simultaneous real-time low-field, high-gradient MR and optical microscopy that DW signals and IOS share a similar contrast mechanism, most likely the ratio between intracellular and extracellular volume. Signals monitor how cells are affected and respond to adverse conditions, providing novel insight into pathological mechanisms and links between structure and function.
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