Keywords: New Devices, Focused UltrasoundMRI is commonly employed to assess microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) treatment outcomes, but is restricted to post-treatment evaluations due to its low temporal resolution. Here, we describe a modular sparse hemispherical transmit/receive phased array for microbubble-mediated FUS brain therapy and simultaneous 3D passive cavitation imaging (PCI) for real-time intraoperative treatment monitoring and control. The device was evaluated via MR-guided FUS experiments in rabbits. The utility of 3D PCI in calibrating FUS exposure levels and predicting MRI-inferred tissue damage volume distributions resulting from high target level sonications was demonstrated.
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