Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Diffusion/other diffusion imaging techniquesDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been potentially associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but has not been definitively shown to worsen its severity. Our study used diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics to identify significant differences in DKI metrics in addition to measuring lesion volume in MS and Control patients with and without DM. We observed significantly increased diffusion and axial kurtosis and increased periventricular lesion volume in MS patients with DM compared to those without DM, indicating worsening inflammation and demyelination, suggesting that DM may serve as an exacerbating factor for worsening MS prognosis.
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