Keywords: Liver, SpectroscopyMultinuclear spectroscopy requires the use of free breathing acquisitions to achieve acceptable SNR. Here proton spectroscopy is used as an analogue for multinuclear MRS along with dynamic phase imaging to characterise the effect of respiration. Consistent agreement was seen between the respiratory bellows trace and the timeseries of the water peak frequency and imaging field offset, with overlapping primary frequencies on respective Fourier transforms. On free breathing a maximum frequency shift of 31Hz was measured, this equates to a 0.24ppm shift which could cause significant line broadening in the spectra of multinuclear 31P and 13C liver experiments.
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