Keywords: Flow, CardiovascularQuantification of blood flow using 2D or 4D phase-contrast (PC) MRI is routinely being used to evaluate blood flow in cardiovascular disease. However, PC has only a modest temporal resolution compared to echocardiography. We sought to develop a deformation-encoding transformer (DENT) model for cardiac frame interpolation and evaluate its potential in increasing temporal resolution. DENT was trained using a large multi-center (centers = 3), multi-vendor (vendors = 3) and multi-field strength (1.5T, 3T) cine MRI dataset (patients = 3178). The model was successfully applied to 2D/4D-PC MRI without modifications, enabling a 2-fold gain in temporal resolution.
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