Keywords: Psychiatric Disorders, Gray Matter, Diffusion/Other Diffusion Imaging TechniquesThe cellular and molecular processes inside the cerebral cortex play a critical role in typical brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered cytoarchitecture across brain regions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was found with histology. Here, we noninvasively mapped the whole-brain cortical cytoarchitectural maturation in 52 children aged 6-9 years with ASD and 59 age-matched typically developmental (TD) children with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Significant cortical mean kurtosis increases in the temporal and frontal regions were found in TD children with almost flat mean kurtosis changes in ASD observed, suggesting altered underlying cortical cytoarchitectural maturation in ASD.
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