Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Brain, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), Parkinson's, nigra, basal ganglia, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Iron, linear mixed-effects models
Motivation: Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) and isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) demonstrate elevated substantia nigra (SN) iron concentration, topography of change is still debated.
Goal(s): To quantify abnormal brain iron progression over time using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).
Approach: Subjects were assessed three times 2 years apart. Mean QSM template was developed to quantify SN and its subdivisions, and subthalamic nucleus. Then caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus were also quantified.
Results: At baseline, PD without RBD demonstrated +17.8% posteroventral SN iron overload and during the follow-up, 26.2% overload versus controls.
None of the other tested regions showed significant differences between groups.
Impact: Abnormal iron concentration was only found in the posteroventral SN and not in any other basal ganglia region over time. Further, PD without RBD showed highest iron concentration. Iron-sensitive quantitative MRI could be a potential longitudinal biomarker of the future.
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