In vivo dynamic measurement of pulmonary blood oxygenation and cardiac output using hyperpolarised 129 Xe

In this study, hyperpolarised (HP) ¹²⁹ Xe MR was used to evaluate changes in pulmonary oxygenation during breath-hold apnoea. The relationship between blood oxygenation and the ¹²⁹ Xe-red blood cell (RBC) chemical shift was first established in vitro for in vivo chemical shift-oxygenation calibration. The ¹²⁹ Xe-RBC NMR signal and chemical shift (blood oxygenation) were observed to modulate with the same frequency over a breath-hold period of ~ 45 s, suggesting the possibility of using HP ¹²⁹ Xe MR to monitor, simultaneously, in real-time, cardiac output (from the ¹²⁹ Xe-RBC signal) and blood oxygenation changes (from the ¹²⁹ Xe-RBC chemical shift) during breath-hold apn0ea

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