A wide spectrum of the use of DKI to characterize non-Gaussian diffusion pattern in microstructural tumor tissue has been developed involving a variety of tumors. However, the feasibility of DKI in kidney has been assessed in healthy volunteers only. The study was assigned to assess the quantitative DKI in grading of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) and to compare the correlation between DKI parameters and tumor cellularity and found that DKI could not only quantitatively characterize ccRCC with different grades but also provide valuable information on the diffusion properties related to tumor microenvironment changes or tissue complexity in tumor.
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