A high level of intracellular choline is an established marker of malignancy in brain tumors. Here we investigate the uptake of exogenous choline in vitro using high resolution 1H NMR into rodent glioblastoma cell lines. To map bloodborne uptake in vivo, we used the novel technique Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI), combined with intravenous infusion of [2H9]-choline in two orthotopic rat (RG2) and mouse (GL261) models of glioblastoma. DMI-based metabolic maps revealed high uptake of choline in the tumors, in a stark image contrast with normal-appearing brain, illustrating the potential of [2H9]-choline chloride as metabolic imaging agent.
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