Long TR and low concentration makes the quantification of inorganic phosphate (Pi) difficult in 31P magnetization saturation transfer experiments. An indirect method to measure Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) turnover was demonstrated in animal studies, which does not require quantification of Pi. We demonstrate the application and validation of this technique in human studies. We measured the fluxes of ATP production and hydrolysis reactions using the indirect approach and validated the results against direct measurements. We also report the intrinsic T1 of Phosphocreatine, ATP and Pi in skeletal muscle at 7T. This will facilitate future studies of impaired bioenergetics in vivo.
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