Leigh A. Johnston1,2,
  David Wright2, Rick H. H. M. Philipsen3, Scott C. Kolbe2,
  James A. Bourne4, Iven M. Y. Mareels1, Gary F. Egan2
1Electrical
  & Electronic Engineering & NICTA VRL, University of Melbourne,
  Parkville, VIC, Australia; 2Howard Florey Institute, Florey
  Neuroscience Institutes, Parkville, VIC, Australia; 3Technical
  University of Eindhoven, Netherlands; 4Australian Regenerative
  Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
The non-exponential signal decay observed in q-space diffusion acqusitions is derived for restricted diffusion in cylinders, using a probabilistic approach based on extreme value theory and expectation over continuum distributions for geometry-dependent apparent diffusion coefficients. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the resultant non-exponential signal decay and the ability to infer axon densities without need for pulse duration or diffusion time approximations.
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