An Analytic Description of Factors Affecting MOLLIs Accuracy Using a Time-Weighted Average Model of T 1 Relaxation

The MOLLI sequence is commonly used for in-vivo cardiac T ₁ mapping but is known to have systematic errors as a function of heart rate, flip angle, T ₁ , and T ₂ . We hypothesize that the apparent MOLLI relaxation rate (R ₁ ^* ) can be expressed as a time weighted average (TWA) of the driven relaxation rate during bSSFP readouts (R ₁ ^' ) and the true relaxation rate (R ₁ ) between readouts. An algebraic expression for R ₁ ^* is presented and validated through Bloch equation simulations and phantom experiments. The TWA model analytically describes the effects of many of MOLLIs sources of error and provides insight into their interaction.

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