Anisotropy, Compartmentalization, and Anomalous Diffusion of Intracellular Metabolites in the Axons and Glia of the Human Brain at 7T

Recently, there was the first report of anomalous diffusion in DWS measurements of intracellular metabolites in the rat brain at 7T utilizing ultra-short diffusion times afforded by oscillating gradients. Here, we consider in vivo measurements of anomalous diffusion for tNAA, tCho, and tCr in the human brain at 7T with conventional diffusion times. Our study suggests for metabolites: 1) white matter anisotropy does not contribute to Gaussian or anomalous diffusion patterns, 2) compartmental distribution does not necessarily contribute to anomalous diffusion, and 3) the unique sub-diffusive behavior of tCr may be influenced by other factors like chemical exchange.

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