Spectrally Selective Imaging of Hyperpolarized 13 C Pyruvate with Multi-Echo, Multi-Phase Advance Balanced Steady State Free Precession

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) offers potential advantages for imaging of hyperpolarized ¹³ C, including high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and efficient use of magnetization. Several variants of bSSFP provide spectroscopically selective images, including multi-echo methods and techniques that use a variable RF phase advance. Both approaches have undesirable sensitivity to off-resonance, and poor conditioning of the reconstruction can degrade SNR. Here we describe a multi-echo variable phase advance method that may provide more robust imaging. The technique is applied to phantoms and in vivo imaging of pyruvate and its metabolites, yielding images with 1mm ² in-plane resolution, 4mm slice, and peak lactate SNR~30.

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