Robust and Noninvasive Measurement of Renal Perfusion using Multi-Phase Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling

The accuracy of pseudo-continuous ASL (PCASL) methods is sensitive to phase errors related to off-resonance effects at the tagging plane. Respiratory motion is also a well-known problem in body imaging. We present the application of multi-phase PCASL (MP-PCASL) to study renal perfusion, along with a masked object registration algorithm for semi-automatic alignment after breath-hold acquisition. Example data illustrating off-resonance induced errors in the PCASL estimation of renal blood flow and the associated phase errors are provided. MP-PCASL provides a robust alternative that is insensitive to such errors.

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