Abstract #2593
            Investigating the hemodynamics of calf muscle during exercise using independent component analysis (ICA)
                      Zhijun Li                     1                    , Prasanna Karunanayaka                     1                    , 						Matthew Muller                     2                    , Lawrence Sinoway                     2                    , 						and Qing X. Yang                     1,3          
            
            1
           
           Center for NMR Research, Department of 
						Radiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State 
						University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,
           
            2
           
           Heart 
						and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, The 
						Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United 
						States,
           
            3
           
           Department 
						of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania 
						State University, Pennsylvania, United States
          
            
          Unlike in human brain imaging, normalization to a common 
						template during exercising is a difficult proposition in 
						muscle-imaging studies. Here we propose a novel approach 
						to use single subject Independent Component Analysis 
						(ICA) to simultaneously identify and characterize the 
						lower leg muscle behavior during rhythmic 
						plantar-flexion. Since ICA requires no prior knowledge 
						of the muscle hemodynamics, it is ideally suited for 
						studies in which exploring muscle physiology (dynamics) 
						is the main focus. ICA results showed good 
						reproducibility in automatic segmentation of the calf 
						muscle and highlighted a possible causal connection 
						between muscle subgroups during exercising.
         
 
            
				
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