Abstract #4160
To Spoil or To Balance? A Comparison of the White Marker Phenomenon in Gradient Echo Pulse Sequences
Simon Rei 1 , Axel Joachim Krafft 1,2 , Klaus Dring 3 , Constantin von zur Mhlen 4 , and Michael Bock 1
1
Radiology - Medical Physics, University
Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,
2
German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany,
3
MaRVis
Medical GmbH, Hannover, Germany,
4
Department
of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center
Freiburg, Germany
The white marker phenomenon has been proposed for
passive localization in MR-guided interventions. A
positive contrast of interventional devices is generated
by dephasing background signal while preserving signal
in the proximity of the device by unbalanced gradient
schemes, and has been implemented in FLASH and bSSFP
sequences. In this work, we compare these sequences to
optimize the white marker signal of small platinum
markers and an MR-compatible guidewire. Our results
indicate that the bSSFP sequence is optimally suited to
generate high contrast even for small paramagnetic
objects which could be used for the localization of
vascular scaffolds.
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