A new pulse sequence for single-voxel 1H MRS measurement of cerebral Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in humans at 7T using 32-channel volume coil

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleuotide (NAD⁺) is a ubiquitous molecule present in all cells and tissues of the body with an important role in the redox reactions and metabolism. Small changes in NAD⁺ levels may lead to oxidative stress and may be a cause for various disorders. Currently, NAD⁺ can be detected in vivo only by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Recently, NAD⁺ measurement with ¹H MRS in the human brain with a surface coil was demonstrated. In the present study, we show a novel MR pulse sequence for the in vivo, single voxel localized detection of NAD⁺ from the human brain at 7T.