Simulations of the diffusion signal can shed light on how the MR signal is generated from particular tissue microstructure. In our approach we use microscopy data to generate a realistic ground truth for investigating diffusion properties. We have developed a method to automatically segment large volumes of 3D electron microscopy data into individual axons for diffusion simulations. From these segmentations, we can also derive benchmark tissue microstructure characteristics such as axonal diameter, g-ratio and other compartment properties.
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