The aim of our study was to characterize blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Twenty-two NMOSD patients and twenty-three MS patients were enrolled. Significantly higher BBB permeability were found in lesions and normal appearing grey matter in MS group when compared with NMOSD but no differences were observed in corpus callosum. Hence BBB permeability, measured by DCE-MRI may be used for differential diagnosis between NMOSD and MS and may provide novel insights into the underlying pathological differences.
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