The relationship between performance on working memory tasks of increasing difficulty and white matter (WM) microstructure assessed by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is investigated in a healthy adult population. We demonstrate that higher mean kurtosis (MK) and radial kurtosis (RK) correlate with performance on working memory tasks, particularly in frontal WM, an area responsible for executive function, suggesting better working memory performance with higher tissue complexity in frontal WM. Improving our understanding of these associations will help determine the biological underpinning of pathologies affecting cognition, as well as potentially informing and monitoring interventions such as cognitive rehabilitation.
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