Coronary artery endothelial function (CEF) could historically only be measured with invasive catheterization-based testing. Recently, 2-dimensional cine MRI in combination with isometric handgrip exercise was introduced to quantify CEF noninvasively. However, the MRI technique only assesses CEF at one or two locations in an artery and does not allow assessment of regional heterogeneity present throughout diseased vessels. The aim of this work was to develop high-resolution isotropic 3-dimensional cine coronary MRI that enables measures of coronary lumen area along the entire proximal and mid segments of the coronary arteries in a single breath-hold, a pre-requisite for future 3-dimensional CEF measurements.
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