Till now the type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
is more and more prevalent, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the main
leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However the onset of DN is
always ambiguous. In recent years, many studies focused on the change of renal
oxygenation in diabetes and showed renal hypoxia especially in medulla. Blood
oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) is a non-invasive
method that can assess hypoxia in prostate gland by utilizing the endogenous
contrast generated by paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin.
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