Assessment of cerebral and tumor perfusion has frequently been advocated for initial prognostication, and evaluation for possible progression, of primary brain tumors, historically accomplished via intravenous injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA). The potential for intracranial and corporeal deposition of GBCA invites the development and optimization of non-invasive, contrast-exempt (NICE) methods to assess cerebral perfusion. We sought to develop and implement NICE spin-label-based methods incorporating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) assessment, applied in treated GBM patients.
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