In this study, we correlated advanced DWI [diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), stretched-exponential (SE) DWI and diffusion tensor imaging DTI)] parameters with fractional tissue fractions of nuclei, cytoplasm, cells, stroma and lumen and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in prostate cancer (PCa) lesions. We found that all assessed diffusion methods showed significant correlations with cytoplasmic, cellular and/or stromal tissue fractions. Specifically, DKI seems promising for characterization of PCa tissue composition, since multiple significant correlations between histology parameters and both ADCDKI and kurtosis parameter K were observed.
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