Our results identified disrupted effective connectivity networks in the limbic regions of tinnitus patients. Tinnitus severity was positively correlated with a bilateral increase in effective connectivity from the amygdala to the auditory cortex on the same side. In addition, tinnitus duration was positively correlated with enhanced effective connectivity from the right hippocampus to the left auditory cortex. These findings mainly emphasized the crucial role of limbic system and limbic-auditory interaction in tinnitus patients, which could help enhance our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms underlying tinnitus.
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