A multi-echo pseudo-golden angle stack of stars sequence for use in free-breathing interventional procedures is evaluated in vivo with 5 healthy volunteers for use in MR thermometry in the breast. High spatial and temporal resolution (1.3 mm3, 1.43 s) is achieved through k-space filtering. PRF temperature, T2*, ρ (signal magnitude at TE = 0), respiration correction and fat/water separation are simultaneously measured. Use of a pseudo-golden angle increment allows for the removal of phase (and therefore PRF temperature) artifacts due to changing k-space sampling between reconstructed time points. k-Space sampling based phase reference library greatly improves temperature standard deviation compared to a single baseline reference.
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