The orientation dependence of the gradient-echo MR signal in brain white matter conflates two principal effects, (i) the susceptibility properties of tissue microenvironments, especially the myelin microstructure, and (ii) the axon orientation distribution with respect to the external magnetic field. This work introduces a clinically feasible MRI method based on gradient-echo and diffusion measurements, which we refer to as microscopic susceptibility anisotropy imaging, that disentangles both effects, hence enabling us to estimate microscopic susceptibility anisotropy unconfounded by fibre crossings and orientation dispersion as well as magnetic field direction.
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