For 3D radial acquisitions featuring a quasi-random order of spoke orientations in k-space, implementable in UTE pulse sequences, respiratory and cardiac self-navigators are usually extracted from the assumed k-space center thanks to standard bandpass filters to perform self-gating. To remove more efficiently the background noise, SNIF, Self-Navigator Intelligent Filter, takes into account the underlying physics of the MR acquisition to filter out of the DC signal both off k-space center and spin-history effects. SNIF systematically enhances both respiratory and cardiac self-navigators. It even sometimes reveals their spectral first harmonics, which remained otherwise buried into the background noise.
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