Structural MRI studies have pointed out the potential role of the brainstem in the pathophysiology of ASD. However, the findings in volume alterations in subjects with ASD are controversial. In this study, structural MRI was used to measure brainstem volume in a group of 152 young children with and without ASD, with five different methods (FSL-FIRST, ANTs, FS 5.3, FS 6.0, FS 6.0 with substructures). One out of five (FSL-FIRST) showed poor agreement with the other segmentation methods, which, by contrasts, consistently showed Pearson correlations greater than 0.93 and average Dice indexes greater than 0.76 in comparison among each other.
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