Here we present a novel approach to non-invasive neuromodulation that affects neuronal activity by delivering neurotransmitter chemicals to targeted areas of the brain. This is achieved by using focused ultrasound to open the blood-brain barrier in a targeted brain region such that a systemically injected neuroactive chemical will enter into the brain parenchyma only at the intended site. We demonstrate the proof of concept in a rodent model by delivering GABA to the somatosensory cortex to suppress activation from hindpaw stimulation, and by delivering glutamate to the thalamus to enhance activation downstream in the cortex from hindpaw stimulation.
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