The objective of this study was to investigate the role of activated microglia in the periventricular damage of patients with MS, combining positron emission tomography with [18F]DPA714 and magnetisation transfert ratio (MTR). Using two-mm thick rings from the ventricular CSF surface to periventricular WM and thalamus, we describe the presence of a gradient of activated microglia together with a gradient of MTR, which correlate with the clinical worsening of patients. These results suggest that an increase of activated microglia and tissue damage might be triggered by the presence of CSF-derived factors, and could mediate the subsequent development of neuro-axonal irreversible damage in MS.
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