Medical imaging interpretation fundamentally lies in radiologists’ exceptional visual recognition skill, which enables the identification of pathological regions to render diagnosis1. Such expertise is obtained through training across review hundreds of cases2, facilitated by the plastic changes in the central visual system3. Specifically, ventral visual pathway (VTP) is responsible for visual object recognition, i.e. the fine-grained visual information processing. Visual information processing in the adult human brain is highly malleable with neural processing adapting to incoming information4. The plastic changes in the VTP in response to visual recognition tasks are well studied5. While we propose that the information embedded in the intrinsic brain activity, as revealed in the resting data, is also important6. Therefore, in the current study, we investigate how visual experience, i.e. short-term radiological training, modulates brain activity in the VTP under task-free state in the resting brain using ICA.
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