Treatment of malignant gliomas with immunotherapy has become an important area of exploration. However, one of the major problems in glioma immunotherapy is the lack of sensitive imaging techniques to differentiate tumor progression (detrimental) from pseudoprogression (beneficial, caused by stimulated macrophages). We hypothesized that tracking macrophages is a sensitive way to detect immunotherapy treatment response. We used a novel drug that stimulates the innate immune system and showed that ferumoxytol based cell tracking MRI is a sensitive way to detect monocyte infiltration and predict tumor growth. Ferumoxytol is used clinically, so this method has high potential for clinical translation
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