We have performed a study of emotion regulation training in veterans with combat-related PTSD using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) with simultaneous EEG. Eighteen PTSD patients learned to upregulate their left amygdala activity using rtfMRI-nf during a positive emotion induction task based on retrieval of happy autobiographical memories. EEG source analysis with eLORETA revealed task-specific changes in the current source densities in the upper alpha and delta EEG bands that significantly correlated with PTSD severity. These results suggest that the rtfMRI-nf training in combination with EEG source analysis provides new insights into the neurobiology of PTSD.
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