In this study, we aimed to investigate the motif patterns of the directed brain functional networks in schizophrenia. We employed the convergent cross mapping approach to measure the directed connections, and calculated the frequency spectrum and the statistical significance of 13 three-node motif classes. Our results showed that the count of all motif classes was significantly reduced, the significance of chain-like motifs was decreased and the significance of loop-like motifs was increased at both whole brain and modular scales in schizophrenia. The motif analyses have potential to provide new insights of the abnormal information flow patterns in schizophrenia.
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