Despite the success of diffusion time (td) dependent diffusion MRI in simulation and preclinical studies, clinical applications of the technique are challenged by difficulties in accessing short td, limited primarily by the clinical gradient system. This study demonstrated the feasibility of td-dependent dMRI using oscillating and pulsed gradients on a 3T clinical system to investigate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Results demonstrated that the td-dependency (ΔMD) increased in the deep gray matter of infants during the first year. In HIE patients, ΔMD increased in the basal ganglia of the severe and moderate HIE, as well as in the penumbra of lesions.
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